ABSTRACT.- The international spread of the myrtle rust pathogen, Austropuccinia psidii, can be largely attributed to the "pandemic" biotype that has more than 450 host species. However, within South America, the putative native range of A. psidii, multiple biotypes have been characterised, each with a restricted known number of hosts. These biotypes may pose a significant biosecurity threat to countries already affected by the pandemic biotype.

ABSTRACT.- Tuberculosis is a global public health concern, and understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission routes and genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis is crucial for outbreak control. This study aimed to explore the genomic epidemiology and genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis in Ecuador by analyzing 88 local isolates and 415 public genomes from 19 countries within the Euro-American lineage (L4).

ABSTRACT.- Ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT) has been suggested as an alternative to preserving female fertility in livestock species, as currently performed in women. The OTT technique has been tested as xenografting or autografting in different body sites and animal species. Currently, there are no reports available regarding the autotransplantation of ovarian tissue using the bovine model and also testing the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on graft survival.

ABSTRACT.- Rice is an important crop in Uruguay associated mostly with livestock production in a rice and pasture rotation system since the 1920s. However, in recent years there has been interest in intensifying the production in some of these systems to satisfy market demands and increase income. Intensification occurs by augmenting the rice frequency in the rotation, including new crops like sorghum and soybean, or shortening the pasture phase.

ABSTRACT.- Early detection and monitoring of invasive forest pests are crucial for effective pest management, particularly in preventing large-scale damage, reducing eradication costs, and improving overall control effectiveness. This study investigates the potential of machine learning models and remote sensing at various spatiotemporal scales to assess forest damage caused by the woodwasp Sirex noctilio in pine plantations. A Random Forest (RF) model was applied to analyze Planetscope satellite images of Sirex-affected areas in Neuquén, Argentina.

ABSTRACT.- Silvopastoral systems (SPS), beyond their productive potential, have been promoted as a strategy for carbon sequestration and contribute to the conservation of biodiversity. The review carried out shows that when it comes to the implementation of these systems in tropical regions, especially where agricultural or livestock activity has displaced natural vegetation, the effects are positive in terms of carbon sequestration, biodiversity, hydrological dynamics and water quality.

ABSTRACT.- Phosphorus (P) is needed by soybean plants to form vital molecules like ATP and nucleotides and perform plant functions like photosynthesis and Nitrogen biological fixation at nodules. Because P concentration in the soil solution is naturally low, P fertilization is applied to satisfy soybean requirements in high yielding crops. However, a small portion of added P is readily available to the plants, while most is retained by the soil matrix and eventually made available or lost through erosion and run-off to water bodies, where it promotes eutrophication.

ABSTRACT.- Nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FAs), specifically nitroalkenes, are gaining recognition for their anti-inflammatory and therapeutic properties. Bovine milk, a major dietary component, may serve as a significant source of these bioactive molecules, complementing its established nutritional profile. This study examined nitroalkene's presence in milk from different bovine strains and lactation stages. NO2-conjugated linoleic acid (NO2-cLA) was detected at concentrations up to 5 uM, comprising 2.7% of total cLA.

ABSTRACT.- The ability of plant microbial symbionts to enhance hosts ' fitness depends on the abiotic and biotic context, including the presence of co-existing symbionts. We studied how the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affects the performance of a host grass associated or not with fungal asexual endophytes, growing either alone or in interaction with a legume hosting nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

ABSTRACT.- The emerald ash borer (EAB) is an invasive beetle that has killed hundreds of millions of ash trees throughout North America since its arrival. The use of entomopathogenic fungi as part of integrated pest management approaches is considered effective against a wide range of insect pests. The aim of this study was to screen and select locally adapted EAB-associated entomopathogenic fungi with ovicidal effect on EAB eggs under laboratory conditions.