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ABSTRACT.- Silvopastoral systems may provide important production and environmental benefits. The loss of cool-season (C3) grasses from temperate grazed native grasslands is associated with selective grazing and excessive solar radiation that limit their survival. Silvopastoral systems integrate trees with grasslands that provide shade to both cattle and herbaceous plants, potentially favoring C3 species. There is limited information about the effect of trees on the species and functional composition of native grasslands in the Campos biome in South America. The objective of this study was to detect gradients in the botanical composition of grasslands as affected by changes in the shade associated with distance to the trees and cardinal orientation in three situations defined by the combination of soil and tree species (Prosopis on Solonetz, Acacia on Brunisols, and Eucalyptus on Brunisols). Soil cover of the herbaceous species under trees was recorded in double transects located in the four cardinal directions. In all situations there were changes in pasture composition in the different shaded regions (total shade, partial shade, or full sun). Under the canopy, there was an increase of cool-season grasses such as Bromus catharticus Vahl, Lolium multiflorum Lam., Stipa hyalina (Nees) Barkworth, and S. setigera J.Presl. At greater distances from trees, cover of warm-season grasses, such as Axonopus affinis Chase and Paspalum notatum Flueggé increased. These gradients suggest that trees in silvopastoral systems can increase the abundance of cool-season species and potentially improve the forage nutritive value of the native pasture. © The Author(s) 2024, Springer Nature.

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Introducción. -- Evaluación Genética Poblacional. -- Información Presentada. -- Otras características. -- Clasificación visual en categorías. --

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Soybeans (Glycine max L.), originating in China, were introduced to South America in the late 19th century after passing through North America. South America is now a major soybean-producing region, accounting for approximately 40% of the global soybean production. Crops like soybeans gradually adapt to the local climate and human-selected conditions, resulting in beneficial variations during cultivation in different regions. Comparing the phenotypic and genetic variations in soybeans across different regions is crucial to determining the variations that may enhance soybean productivity. This study identified seed-related traits and conducted a genetic diversity analysis using 46 breeding soybean varieties from China and Uruguay. Compared to the Chinese soybean germplasm, the Uruguayan equivalent had a lower 100-grain weight, higher oil content, lower protein content, and higher soluble sugar content. Using ZDX1 gene chips, genetic typing was performed on the 46 breeding varieties. Cluster analysis based on SNP sites revealed significant differences in the genetic basis of Sino-Uruguayan soybean germplasm. Selection analysis, including nucleotide polymorphism (?) and fixation indexes (Fst), identified several genomic regions under selection between Sino-Uruguayan soybean germplasm. The selected intervals significantly enriched gene ontology (GO) terms related to protein metabolism. Additionally, differentiation occurred in genes associated with the oil content, seed weight, and cyst nematodes between Sino-Uruguayan soybean germplasm, such as GmbZIP123 and GmSSS1. These findings highlight the differences in seed-related phenotypes between Sino-Uruguay soybean germplasm and provide genomic-level insights into the mechanisms behind phenotypic differences, offering valuable references for understanding soybean evolution and molecular breeding. Copyright © 2024 Sun, Zhang, Liu, Ceretta, Zhang, Guo, Li, Liu, Gu, Ao and Qiu.

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O objetivo de este trabalho foi confirmar em A. tuberculatus a ocorrência de resistência múltipla e cruzada a glifosato (GLI), diclosulam (DIC), Imazetapir (IMA) e fomesafen (FOM) a partir de experimentos de curva de dose resposta. -- Evolução dos casos de difícil controle. -- Caruru no Uruguay. -- Amaranthus tuberculatus (syn:A. rudis). -- Objetivo. -- Material e métodos. -- Resultados e discussão. -- Conclusões. -- Agradecimento.

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CONTENIDO. -- Síntesis de la situación agroclimática de agosto-- Perspectivas climáticas trimestrales elaboradas por el IRI de la Universidad de Columbia (Más información puede encontrarse en el sitio del IRI:http://www.iri.columbia.edu) -- Índice de vegetación (NDVI) -- Precipitaciones -- Porcentaje de agua disponible (PAD) -- Agua no retenida (ANR) -- Índice de bienestar hídrico (IBH) -- Perspectivas climáticas set-oct-nov elaboradas por el IRI de la Universidad de Columbia. -- Destacamos para este mes:Previsión de condiciones ambientales para corderos recién nacidos. Mapas a nivel nacional mostrando una estimación a 3 días del índice biométrico Chill Index o Índice de enfriamiento y sus niveles de riesgo. Link directo:https://www.inia.uy/gras/Alertas-y-herramientas/Prevision%20Corderos

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CONTENIDO:Guía de la presentación. -- Introducción. -- Persistencia:efecto sobre pasturas. -- Bioensayos 2022 - Efecto sobre especies forrajeras. -- Bioensayos 2023 - Resultados preliminares. -- Efecto sobre especies forrajeras - Gramíneas:Resultaos preliminares 2023 - Festuca INIA Aurora . -- Efecto sobre especies forrajeras - Leguminosas:Resultados preliminares 2023 - Trébol Blanco; Resultados preliminares 2023 - Lotus INIA Rigel. -- Persistencia sobre arroz no CL. -- Efecto sobre arroz no CL - INIA Merín. -- Persistencia sobre soja. -- Consideraciones finales:cómo mitigar los efectos de Carryover?. -- Referencias.

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Los cultivares de arroz tolerantes a los herbicidas del grupo de las imidazolinonas (IMIs) son una herramienta frecuentemente utilizada para el manejo de malezas en rotaciones agrícolas intensivas de Uruguay. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la sensibilidad de arroz no tolerante a IMIs sembrado sobre suelos con diferente historial en el uso de estos herbicidas, a través de bioensayo en invernáculo.

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O Amaranthus tuberculatus (sin:A. rudis) conhecido como caruru é uma das mais importantes espécies de plantas daninhas dos sistemas agrícolas uruguaios, sendo altamente eficiente competindo por recursos como água, luz e nutrientes e ocasionando elevadas perdas de produtividade nas culturas que infesta. O objetivo de este trabalho foi confirmar a ocorrência de resistência múltipla e cruzada a GLI, FOM, DIC e IMA a partir de experimentos de curva de dose resposta.

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A resistência de buva (Conyza bonariensis) a herbicidas é ocasionada pela ocorrência de um ou mais mecanismos na planta, responsáveis por não deixarem o herbicida atuar de forma eficiente sobre o local de ação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o(s) mecanismo(s) de resistência em C. bonariensis que ocasionam a resistência cruzada a diclosulam e clorimurom, dois herbicidas inibidores da actolactato sintase (ALS).

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Malezas del género Brassica de difícil control para los herbicidas glifosato y flumetsulam son frecuentemente reportadas en cultivos y pasturas sembradas en Uruguay. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la ocurrencia en Uruguay de resistencia múltiple de Brassica spp. a glifosato y flumetsulam a partir de ensayos de curvas de dosis respuesta.