ABSTRACT.- Agriculture, energy, and the environment are interdependent dimensions essential for agro-ecosystem sustainability. This chapter focuses on biomass carbon (C)-based practices as the primary pathway to develop resilient, regenerative, profitable, and environmentally friendly production systems. It includes case studies on C balance with biomass-C inputs across production systems in South and North America. The case studies include no-till production systems in Brazil, diverse cropping practices in the western United States, and long-term crop rotation systems experiments in Uruguay. Adopting, expanding, and consolidating C management practices will be the most prominent challenge farmers will face in the coming years worldwide. These case studies provide the consistent message that C management and soil health-oriented practices are central to implementing transitions of farming systems to become both sustainable and carbon-neutral. Cutting-edge technologies enhancing C capture and greenhouse gas sequestration, providing ecosystem services, and maximizing soil-water storage contribute to climate change mitigation and improved food security. @CAB International, 2024.