ABSTRACT.- Pears are widely cultivated in the world. Uruguayan production covers 628 ha. Practically, in its entirety, European-type pear trees (Pyrus communis L.) are grown, and the most planted cultivar is Williams. Most of the orchards in Uruguay are managed without the use of pollinating cultivars. Pear production in recent years has not been stable, with the lack of pollinators one of the main factors that could be influencing this.

ABSTRACT.- Several studies have used aerial images to predict physiological maturity (R8 stage) in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). However, information for making predictions in the current growing season using models fitted in previous years is still necessary. Using the Random Forest machine learning algorithm and time series of RGB (red, green, blue) and multispectral images taken from a drone, this work aimed to study, in three breeding experiments of plant rows, how maturity predictions are impacted by a number of factors.

ABSTRACT.- Crop type classification with satellite imageries is widely applied to support sustainable agricultural practices and for continuous crop monitoring [1], [2], [3]. In this work, we present a study for the classification of winter crops on a nationwide perspective for Uruguay. We have analyzed Uruguay's three most widely extended winter crops: wheat, barley, and rapeseed. We have trained a classifier based on XGBoost that uses temporal series built from Sentinel-2 image data.

ABSTRACT.- Question: Understanding the patterns of alien plant invasions and their underlying drivers is a key step in conserving the remaining native grasslands of Uruguay. We addressed the level of invasion by considering the four invasive alien plants of these ecosystems, Cynodon dactylon, Eragrostis plana, Senecio madagascariensis and Ulex europaeus, throughout the country. Location: Remnant native grasslands of Uruguay, constituting part of the Río de la Plata grasslands.

ABSTRACT.- Waterlogging is a critical abiotic stress increasing in importance due to more intense, erratic rainfall associated with climate change. Waterlogging leads to significant yield losses in sensitive crops, such as soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). Identifying soybean genotypes and traits associated with better waterlogging tolerance is of high interest. We assessed the response of six soybean genotypes, selected from a field screening of over 190 genotypes, to 10 days of waterlogging at the R1 (onset of flowering) and R4 (grain filling) stages.

ABSTRACT.- This study aimed to estimate variance components (VCs) for growth and reproductive traits in Nellore cattle using two relationship matrices (pedigree relationship A matrix and pedigree plus genomic relationship H matrix), and records collected before and after genomic selection (GS) implementation. The study also evaluated how genomic breeding values (GEBV) are affected by variance components and discarding old records. The analysed traits were weight at 120 days (W120), weight and scrotal circumference at 450 days (W450 and SC450, respectively).

ABSTRACT.- South American beef production varies due to diverse climates, environmental conditions, animal breeds (Bos indicus, Bos taurus and crossbreeds), management strategies, and nutritional sources. Applying technology in the South American beef production system can significantly enhance efficiency, sustainability, and profitability. Reproductive efficiency is a significant challenge, especially in cow-calf operation systems conducted under adverse conditions. Consequently, implementing effective assisted reproduction technologies (ART) can make a significant contribution.

ABSTRACT.- Numerous conservation and regeneration practices are recognized as effective strategies in the management of soil health (SH), a critical factor for ensuring the sustainability of food production systems. Despite their acknowledged importance, the multifaceted impacts of these practices often lead to confounding effects, and reliance on generic categorization of agronomic practices often falls short in portraying the drivers of SH. We advocate for a paradigm shift from a label-centric approach to one rooted in processes.

ABSTRACT.- Heme and iron metabolic pathways are highly intertwined, both compounds being essential for key biological processes, yet becoming toxic if overabundant.Their concentrations are exquisitely regulated, including via dedicated two-component systems (TCSs) that sense signals and regulate adaptive responses.HemKR is a TCS present in both saprophytic and pathogenic Leptospira species, involved in the control of heme metabolism.However, the molecular means by which HemKR is switched on/off in a signal-dependent way, are still unknown.Moreover, a comprehensive list of HemKR-regulated ge

ABSTRACT.- The purpose of this work is to describe the creation process of the first long-term experimental platform designed for interdisciplinary studies of Silvopastoral Systems (SPS) in Uruguay and to highlight its relevance on filling knowledge gaps across different areas. This experiment involves professionals from diverse fields working together to generate knowledge for sustainable agriculture. The focus is on understanding long-term interactions in SPS, emphasizing native ecosystem conservation and increased agricultural productivity.