Guía de la presentación: Resistencia de malezas a herbicidas en UY. -- Los yuyos colorados. -- Amaranthus hybridus en la región. -- Opciones de manejo. -- Consideraciones finales.
In the last decade, the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds, especially barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.), to acetolactate synthetase (ALS) inhibitor herbicides, has accelerated. This research focused on the analysis of the new cultivars ACCase herbicide tolerance. Complete randomized blocks designed were used in two regions, using two new cultivars and early seeding dates.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) systems rotated with perennial pastures have intensified in South America. The study underscores the importance of considering multiple factors when transitioning from integrated rice-pasture rotations to continuous cropping systems.
The Uruguayan rice sector faced a severe crisis during the second half of 2010 decade, marked by poor international prices, high production costs, and stagnant yields. To address this, the Uruguayan Rice Farmers Association (ACA) spearheaded a national technology transfer project in collaboration with key stakeholders, aiming to narrow the yield gap among producers and elevate the country's average rice yields.
In Uruguay, flooded rice historically rotated with perennial pastures (mix of grasses and legumes) for livestock production. Business as usual consisted basically in two years of rice crops followed by two to four years of grazed pastures. This allowed increased yields, diversified incomes, preserved natural resources, and minimized the use of pesticides and fertilizers.
The occurrence of climate variations known as ENSO phases are caused by anomalies in ocean surface temperature in the so-called Niño 3.4 region in the Central Equatorial Pacific. These anomalies are officially used by NOAA (U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) to define whether there is a probability of occurrence of a La Niña, El Niño or neutral phase with global impact. In Uruguay, South America, the impact of climatic variations associated with ENSO phases on agricultural and pasture production is well known.
This research project was focused in minimizing inorganic arsenic levels in polished rice grain while maintaining crop yield and water productivity of the most planted Indica cultivar in Uruguay, INIA Merin. Two experiments were conducted during seasons 2018-2019 and 2019-2020.
New agronomic research methods are needed to complement traditional experiments to better understand yield variations. The findings of this study will provide a better understanding of the main management practices explaining yield under real farming conditions. This study's results will allow identifying priorities for research and extension.
Most of the rice producing areas in Argentina, Southern Brazil, and Uruguay are sowed with indica varieties, resulting in high yields. Most years Septembers offer optimal soil conditions for early direct seeding, which is the method practiced in the region.
