The increase in atmospheric temperature and alteration of the hydrological cycle are the main threats of climate change to wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.). Furthermore, feeding a population which annually grows 1.1 %, promotes the expansion of agricultural frontier to soils with growth constraints. In this context, when in South America La Niña events occur, the cold phase of the ENSO climate phenomenon, in a greater area of the wheat crop region increases the risk of drought stress during grain filling.