ABSTRACT.- In Brazil, CNS diseases in equids were little known until the 1980s. Since then, several diagnostic laboratories have been operating in different universities, initially in the South and Southeast regions and, later, in the Central-West, Northeast and North regions. However, the knowledge accumulated from the diagnoses of nervous system diseases of equids made at these institutions over the years has not been reviewed comprehensively, and many papers are published in Portuguese.

ABSTRACT. - Foot diseases in small ruminants cause locomotor disorders, leading to significant economic, productive, and health concerns in sheep and goat farming worldwide. The diagnosis and classification of lesions caused by footpad dermatitis are complex and based only on clinical observations in the field. In this context, this study assessed the histopathological and radiographic characteristics of lesions caused by pododermatitis in sheep to improve and deepen the classification of lesions and optimize diagnosis and prognosis.

ABSTRACT. - Ruminants are often singled out as being the main culprits when it comes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, for methane (CH4) in particular. However, with their diets based on forage and grazing, ruminants have a role to play to limit the feed-food competition. Sheep breeders are open to the prospect of including both feed efficiency and GHG emissions in their breeding programmes and whether or not it is for the purpose of genetic (or genomic) selection, the acquisition of new phenotypes for feed efficiency and GHG emissions are essential.

ABSTRACT.- This collaborative work by over 180 researchers from 40+ countries addresses the challenges posed by "phantom agents"_putative pathogenic agents named in literature without supporting data on their existence. Those agents remain on regulatory lists, creating barriers in trade and plant certification. Historically identified based solely on symptoms, these agents lack isolates or sequence data, making reliable detection or risk assessment impossible.

ABSTRACT.- Leptospira kirschneri is an emerging human and animal pathogen. Here we describe 2 unrelated outbreaks of acute fatal leptospirosis caused by L. kirschneri in suckling lambs and calves diagnosed following a flooding event in the spring of 2023 in northern Uruguay. In outbreak 1, the sheep flock was raised in a low-lying area previously used for rice cultivation; 20 lambs died after developing apathy, jaundice, and hemoglobinuria. In outbreak 2, 2 calves were found dead. At autopsy, 4 lambs and 2 calves had marked jaundice, hemoglobinuria, dark-red kidneys, and hepatomegaly.

ABSTRACT.- Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV), the causative agent of Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA), presents a significant threat to equine populations worldwide. While local EIAV prevalence has been estimated in several studies, no global prevalence has been determined. Thus, this study aimed to review the literature on EIAV prevalence in the 21st century.

ABSTRACT.- The replacement of native grasslands with commercial Eucalyptus plantations has increased in South America. These plantations are typically managed under short rotation regimes for pulp production. Since afforestation can enhance carbon sequestration, the accurate estimation of structural variables at large scales is valuable for sustainable forest management.

ABSTRACT.- The VegSyst simulation model has been developed for use in an on-farm decision support system (DSS) to estimate crop nitrogen (N) and irrigation requirements of different vegetable crops in the Mediterranean Basin. VegSyst simulates dry matter production (DMP), crop N uptake and crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Then it was adapted to simulate also daily uptake of K, P, Ca and Mg. The only inputs are readily available daily climatic data of air temperature, solar radiation and roof transmissivity, plus the dates of the crop.

Abstract: Defoliation strategies determine sward canopy structure and affect forage accumulation and nutritive value. The objective of this study was to determine forage accumulation, morphological composition and nutritive value of INIA Sepé subjected to combinations of three frequencies (defoliation at 90%, 95% and maximum canopy light interception during regrowth ?LI90%, LI95% and LIMax), and two severities of defoliation (40 and 60% of the precutting height). The experiment was carried out from November 15th, 2018 to March 31st, 2019 in Tacuarembó.

ABSTRACT.- Since 2020, the National Agricultural Research Institute (INIA) has conserved a Creole sheep flock at INIA Las Brujas. This study genetically characterised this population and compared it with six others: San Miguel National Park Creoles, commercial farms Creoles, Brazilian Creoles, Corriedale, Merilin and Soay sheep. The analysis included 628 individuals and 31 392 autosomal SNPs. This study aimed to genetically characterise the INIA Las Brujas Creole sheep and compare it with six local and global populations. © The authors.