RESUMEN.- Se evaluó el estado estructural del suelo en distintos sistemas agrícolas y agrícola-pastoriles mediante la metodología del Perfil Cultural. Se consideraron las estructuras de origen antrópico relacionadas al uso y manejo del suelo y a la actividad biológica en el perfil. La evaluación abarcó la proporción de dichas estructuras

ABSTRACT.- The high water demand of rice cultivation is mainly due to flood irrigation, which requires large volumes not only to meet evapotranspiration needs, but also due to losses from percolation, lateral seepage, and surface runoff. In addition to lowering water use efficiency, surface runoff may transport nutrients. This study aimed to calibrate and validate a daily water balance model to estimate surface runoff losses across three rice-growing seasons. During the first two seasons, different model components were calibrated by comparing simulated and observed water depths.

ABSTRACT.- Livestock production, in particular sheep farming, faces the challenge of increasing food production in the context of limited resources, with less access to arable land and sup-plements. In addition, explained by variability and climate change, access to high-quality and quantity pastures and water would be soon restricted. Furthermore, sheep will be more frequently and for longer periods exposed to higher temperatures, to changes in the rainfall pattern and to a scenario of pests and diseases different from the current one.

ABSTRACT.- Genetic selection is an effective tool to improve sustainability of livestock production and contribute to greenhouse gases mitigation, particularly of enteric methane (CH4) emissions, in accordance with international agreements. Feed efficiency (FE) and CH4 emissions have been postulated as potential selection objectives to achieve mitigation goals and support sustainability. Uruguay has had genetic evaluation systems for three decades and new intensive phenotyping platforms are in place for measuring FE and CH4 in beef cattle and sheep.

ABSTRACT.- Uruguay's livestock methane is a mayor source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, despite the country's low overall emissions. A case study was conducted on Forestal Caja Bancaria (FCB), a commercial farm in Uruguay's central region, with an integrated production system covering 5,802 hectares. The study aimed to estimate GHG emissions from livestock, crops and forestry, CO2 captured by eucalypt and pine plantations, and soil organic carbon for all land uses. -------------------------

ABSTRACT.- For years, livestock production has been accused of having a supposed impact on global warming. This message permeated broad sectors of public opinion. Recently, questions have arisen about the metrics used to determine the potential contribution of different greenhouse gases.

ABSTRACT.- The agricultural sector must mitigate losses in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, nutrients, and inputs within the context of climate change and ecosystem degradation. Integrated crop-livestock production systems can enhance carbon and nutrient circularity. A holistic methodology is proposed to guide producers in developing strategies that reduce environmental impacts while improving system resilience through circular and ecosystem based practices. Developed as part of the Integrity project (EraNet), this methodology presents a graduated approach organized into four stages.

While agriculture is crucial to feeding people, it is strongly impacted by climate change and variability, and also contributes to it. Agriculture and land use change are responsible for around ¼ of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities(1). Climate change already impacts the quantity, quality and geographic distribution of food production from agriculture. In this special issue, entitled "Climate change and variability impacts on agriculture", the selected articles address different issues.

ABSTRACT.- Leaf rust (LR) of bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina Eriks, is one of the most important diseases in Paraguay, the Southern Cone of America and worldwide. The economic importance of the disease is clear considering that two or more fungicide applications are necessary to control the disease in susceptible cultivars. The best strategy for the management of this disease is through genetic resistance.

Abstract. - A corrected version of this article is published in: Scholz, R., Pereyra, S., Silva, P., & Germán, S. (2025). Resistance to leaf rust in cultivars and wheat lines from Paraguay. Agrociencia Uruguay, 29, e1226. https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.29.1226