ABSTRACT.- This paper reviews toxic plants for livestock in South America. We included 219 plants in this review, considering only the plants that caused at least one demonstrated outbreak of poisoning. Plants reported as toxic in other regions and present in South America, but with no confirmed outbreaks of poisoning in this region, are not included. We report the main aspects of the epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology and economical importance of the poisonings.

ABSTRACT.- This paper reviews toxic plants for livestock in South America. We included 219 plants in this review, considering only the plants that caused at least one demonstrated outbreak of poisoning. Plants reported as toxic in other regions and present in South America, but with no confirmed outbreaks of poisoning in this region, are not included. We report the main aspects of the epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology and economical importance of the poisonings.

ABSTRACT.- Insect pollinators are threatened worldwide, being the exposure to multiple pesticides one of the most important stressor. The herbicide Glyphosate and the insecticide Imidacloprid are among the most used pesticides worldwide, although different studies evidenced their detrimental effects on non-target organisms. The emergence of glyphosate-resistant weeds and the recent ban of imidacloprid in Europe due to safety concerns, has prompted their replacement by new molecules, such as glufosinate-ammonium (GA) and sulfoxaflor (S).

ABSTRACT.- Forage nutrient contents are an important factor explaining the dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and methane emissions (CH4) of ruminants fed indoors. However, for grazing animals, the forage nutrient contents might be limited in explaining such response variables. We aimed to verify the explanatory power of forage nutrient contents and sward structure on daily intake, performance, and CH4 emissions by sheep and beef cattle grazing different grassland types in southern Brazil.

ABSTRACT.- Salmonella enterica is a major food-borne pathogen that affects cattle-rearing systems worldwide. Little information is available on the epidemiology and pathology of salmonellosis and the virulence genes (VGs) carried by Salmonella in spontaneous outbreaks in cattle. We describe epidemiological findings in 15 fatal outbreaks of salmonellosis in Uruguayan dairy farms and the age, clinical signs, and pathology in 20 affected calves.

Rice yields in Uruguay have increased rapidly (159 kg-1 ha-1 y-1) between 1990 and 2013. There is evidence, however, of an incipient yield plateau in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine if the recent slowdown in yield gains is because average yield (Ya) has approached the yield potential (Yp) ceiling, which makes it increasingly difficult for farmers to sustain further yield gains.

Rice yields in Uruguay have increased rapidly (159 kg-1 ha-1 y-1) between 1990 and 2013. There is evidence, however, of an incipient yield plateau in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine if the recent slowdown in yield gains is because average yield (Ya) has approached the yield potential (Yp) ceiling, which makes it increasingly difficult for farmers to sustain further yield gains.

ABSTRACT.- Anaplasma marginale is transmitted biologically by infected ticks or mechanically by biting flies and contaminated fomites. In tick-free areas, such as southern Uruguay, horseflies could be the principal vectors of this pathogen for bovines, causing anaplasmosis. The objective of this work was to detect the presence of A. marginale by MSP-5 PCR and Sanger sequencing in the most prevalent species of horseflies obtained using different collection methods in Colonia, Tacuarembó and Paysandú, Uruguay.

ABSTRACT.- Anaplasma marginale is transmitted biologically by infected ticks or mechanically by biting flies and contaminated fomites. In tick-free areas, such as southern Uruguay, horseflies could be the principal vectors of this pathogen for bovines, causing anaplasmosis. The objective of this work was to detect the presence of A. marginale by MSP-5 PCR and Sanger sequencing in the most prevalent species of horseflies obtained using different collection methods in Colonia, Tacuarembó and Paysandú, Uruguay.

RESUMEN.- La Inseminación Artificial a Tiempo Fijo (IATF) es una importante herramienta en los sistemas ganaderos y probablemente la biotecnología reproductiva que más ha crecido en los últimos años, tanto en vacas como en ovejas y cabras. Sin embargo, para lograr programas reproductivos exitosos, se necesita un amplio conocimiento sobre la fisiología reproductiva y de los protocolos hormonales utilizados.