ABSTRACT.- Conyza bonariensis L. (hairy fleabane) is a significant weed in production systems, especially due to its evolving resistance to various herbicides. In Uruguay, control failures of C. bonariensis have been reported following the use of glyphosate and ALS inhibitors. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of the multiple and cross-resistance of C. bonariensis to glyphosate, chlorimuron, and diclosulam, and to assess the efficacy of alternative herbicides against these resistant biotypes.

ABSTRACT.- Bt soybean cultivation is increasing worldwide. The Cry1Ac protein expressed in Bt soybean efficiently controls several lepidopteran pests. The stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood), a major pest for soybean in the Americas, is not controlled by Bt crops, although possible sub-lethal effects may occur. Even if there were no negative effects for sting bug, ingesting toxins could affect its bio-controllers. We tested through ELISA detection if P. guildinii ingests Cry1Ac from Bt soybean and possible effects on its development, reproduction, survival, and feeding behavior.

ABSTRACT.- Bt soybean cultivation is increasing worldwide. The Cry1Ac protein expressed in Bt soybean efficiently controls several lepidopteran pests. The stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood), a major pest for soybean in the Americas, is not controlled by Bt crops, although possible sub-lethal effects may occur. Even if there were no negative effects for sting bug, ingesting toxins could affect its bio-controllers. We tested through ELISA detection if P. guildinii ingests Cry1Ac from Bt soybean and possible effects on its development, reproduction, survival, and feeding behavior.

ABSTRACT.- Pasture persistence is a key determinant of the economic and environmental performance of pastoral animal production systems. Large and deep root systems that help resist summer water stress have been proposed as a relevant trait for vegetative persistence of perennial temperate forage species growing in subtropical climates or under future climatically challenging scenarios. In a previous study [Jauregui et al., 2017. Persistence of tall fescue in a subtropical environment: Tiller survival over summer in response to flowering control and nitrogen supply.

ABSTRACT.- Pasture persistence is a key determinant of the economic and environmental performance of pastoral animal production systems. Large and deep root systems that help resist summer water stress have been proposed as a relevant trait for vegetative persistence of perennial temperate forage species growing in subtropical climates or under future climatically challenging scenarios. In a previous study [Jauregui et al., 2017. Persistence of tall fescue in a subtropical environment:Tiller survival over summer in response to flowering control and nitrogen supply.

ABSTRACT.- CONTEXT:Monitoring Aboveground Net Primary Production (ANPP) is critical to assess not only the current ecosystem status but also its long-term dynamics. In rangelands, the seasonal dynamics of ANPP determines forage availability, stock density, and livestock productivity. OBJECTIVE:To develop a hybrid model to be used as a prediction engine for ANPP in the native grasslands of Uruguay.

ABSTRACT.- CONTEXT: Monitoring Aboveground Net Primary Production (ANPP) is critical to assess not only the current ecosystem status but also its long-term dynamics. In rangelands, the seasonal dynamics of ANPP determines forage availability, stock density, and livestock productivity. OBJECTIVE: To develop a hybrid model to be used as a prediction engine for ANPP in the native grasslands of Uruguay.

ABSTRACT.- Metal nanoparticles are widely studied due to their various applications, such as their potential use in the control of phytopathogens and the promotion of plant growth, with a significant impact on agriculture. Various microbial metabolites are used to reduce and stabilize metals and metal oxides to the nanoscale. In the present work, the biological synthesis of silver and copper oxide nanoparticles using Trichoderma harzianum TA2 is reported.

ABSTRACT.- Metal nanoparticles are widely studied due to their various applications, such as their potential use in the control of phytopathogens and the promotion of plant growth, with a significant impact on agriculture. Various microbial metabolites are used to reduce and stabilize metals and metal oxides to the nanoscale. In the present work, the biological synthesis of silver and copper oxide nanoparticles using Trichoderma harzianum TA2 is reported.

ABSTRACT.- Insect cuticular lipids, especially epicuticular hydrocarbons (CHC), have a significant role in insect ecology and interactions with other organisms, including fungi. The CHC composition of a specific insect species may influence the outcome of the interaction with a specific fungal strain. Some insects, such as Piezodorus guildinii, have low susceptibility towards fungal infections seemingly due to their CHC composition. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana can assimilate CHC and incorporate them as building blocks via cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs).