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Introducción. -- Evaluación Genética Poblacional. -- Información Presentada. -- Otras características. -- Clasificación visual en categorías. --

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Soybeans (Glycine max L.), originating in China, were introduced to South America in the late 19th century after passing through North America. South America is now a major soybean-producing region, accounting for approximately 40% of the global soybean production. Crops like soybeans gradually adapt to the local climate and human-selected conditions, resulting in beneficial variations during cultivation in different regions. Comparing the phenotypic and genetic variations in soybeans across different regions is crucial to determining the variations that may enhance soybean productivity. This study identified seed-related traits and conducted a genetic diversity analysis using 46 breeding soybean varieties from China and Uruguay. Compared to the Chinese soybean germplasm, the Uruguayan equivalent had a lower 100-grain weight, higher oil content, lower protein content, and higher soluble sugar content. Using ZDX1 gene chips, genetic typing was performed on the 46 breeding varieties. Cluster analysis based on SNP sites revealed significant differences in the genetic basis of Sino-Uruguayan soybean germplasm. Selection analysis, including nucleotide polymorphism (?) and fixation indexes (Fst), identified several genomic regions under selection between Sino-Uruguayan soybean germplasm. The selected intervals significantly enriched gene ontology (GO) terms related to protein metabolism. Additionally, differentiation occurred in genes associated with the oil content, seed weight, and cyst nematodes between Sino-Uruguayan soybean germplasm, such as GmbZIP123 and GmSSS1. These findings highlight the differences in seed-related phenotypes between Sino-Uruguay soybean germplasm and provide genomic-level insights into the mechanisms behind phenotypic differences, offering valuable references for understanding soybean evolution and molecular breeding. Copyright © 2024 Sun, Zhang, Liu, Ceretta, Zhang, Guo, Li, Liu, Gu, Ao and Qiu.

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ABSTRACT.- Landscape heterogeneity may affect components of biodiversity, including pollinators and the ecosystem function they perform. Landscape heterogeneity may also affect pollinator movement and pollen and gene flow. We assessed how changes in landscape compositional heterogeneity generated by agricultural activities affect the pollen transport service provided by insect pollinators. In eleven agricultural fragments with different landscape heterogeneity, we caught pollinators foraging on flowers and extracted their body pollen loads, discriminating among crop, native, and exotic spontaneous plants. At a local scale, the fragments corresponded to 1-ha plots under agricultural management, or to restored plots without agriculture. The landscape heterogeneity of each fragment was characterized using centered circular areas with different diameters (300, 600, and 1000 m). We then calculated the Shannon Diversity Index as a landscape compositional heterogeneity estimator and using the different landscape patches identified (semi-natural pastures, field crops, woodlands, among others). Through generalized linear mixed models, we found that the amount of pollen transported by individual pollinators was positively related with landscape heterogeneity for all pollen grain categories, but the slope exhibiting a notably sharper incline for crop plant species. In addition, crop pollen load carried by individual pollinator was lower than native and exotic spontaneous pollen, highlighting the importance of these species in agroecosystems. Our findings indicate that increasing landscape heterogeneity can enhance pollen transport, especially from crops and exotic plants. However, to ensure the sustainability of pollination services and agroecosystem functions, it is crucial to protect native plant species and encourage their growth on crop edges, thereby improving agroecosystem conservation. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.

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O objetivo de este trabalho foi confirmar em A. tuberculatus a ocorrência de resistência múltipla e cruzada a glifosato (GLI), diclosulam (DIC), Imazetapir (IMA) e fomesafen (FOM) a partir de experimentos de curva de dose resposta. -- Evolução dos casos de difícil controle. -- Caruru no Uruguay. -- Amaranthus tuberculatus (syn:A. rudis). -- Objetivo. -- Material e métodos. -- Resultados e discussão. -- Conclusões. -- Agradecimento.

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CONTENIDO:Guía de la presentación. -- Introducción. -- Persistencia:efecto sobre pasturas. -- Bioensayos 2022 - Efecto sobre especies forrajeras. -- Bioensayos 2023 - Resultados preliminares. -- Efecto sobre especies forrajeras - Gramíneas:Resultaos preliminares 2023 - Festuca INIA Aurora . -- Efecto sobre especies forrajeras - Leguminosas:Resultados preliminares 2023 - Trébol Blanco; Resultados preliminares 2023 - Lotus INIA Rigel. -- Persistencia sobre arroz no CL. -- Efecto sobre arroz no CL - INIA Merín. -- Persistencia sobre soja. -- Consideraciones finales:cómo mitigar los efectos de Carryover?. -- Referencias.

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Los cultivares de arroz tolerantes a los herbicidas del grupo de las imidazolinonas (IMIs) son una herramienta frecuentemente utilizada para el manejo de malezas en rotaciones agrícolas intensivas de Uruguay. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la sensibilidad de arroz no tolerante a IMIs sembrado sobre suelos con diferente historial en el uso de estos herbicidas, a través de bioensayo en invernáculo.

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O Amaranthus tuberculatus (sin:A. rudis) conhecido como caruru é uma das mais importantes espécies de plantas daninhas dos sistemas agrícolas uruguaios, sendo altamente eficiente competindo por recursos como água, luz e nutrientes e ocasionando elevadas perdas de produtividade nas culturas que infesta. O objetivo de este trabalho foi confirmar a ocorrência de resistência múltipla e cruzada a GLI, FOM, DIC e IMA a partir de experimentos de curva de dose resposta.

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A resistência de buva (Conyza bonariensis) a herbicidas é ocasionada pela ocorrência de um ou mais mecanismos na planta, responsáveis por não deixarem o herbicida atuar de forma eficiente sobre o local de ação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o(s) mecanismo(s) de resistência em C. bonariensis que ocasionam a resistência cruzada a diclosulam e clorimurom, dois herbicidas inibidores da actolactato sintase (ALS).

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Malezas del género Brassica de difícil control para los herbicidas glifosato y flumetsulam son frecuentemente reportadas en cultivos y pasturas sembradas en Uruguay. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la ocurrencia en Uruguay de resistencia múltiple de Brassica spp. a glifosato y flumetsulam a partir de ensayos de curvas de dosis respuesta.

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El nitrógeno es un nutriente esencial en la producción lechera, pero su gestión inadecuada puede resultar en pérdidas significativas al medio ambiente. En el ciclo del nitrógeno, la intensificación de la producción lechera se ha vinculado con un aumento del excedente de nitrógeno, una disminución de la eficiencia de uso del nitrógeno, la acumulación temporal del mismo en el suelo y un aumento en el riesgo de pérdidas al ambiente.