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CONTENIDO:Contexto:Inversión I+D en agrícola (fitomejoramiento). -- I+D en el sector público - fitomejoramiento. -- Asociaciones público-privadas (PPP). -- Mejoramiento genético en INIA. -- Red Nacional de Biotecnología Agrícola. -- Las plataformas. -- Líneas de investigación desarrolladas - Edición génica (CRISPR/Cas9). -- FONTAGRO. Edición génica para mejoramiento en especies vegetales y animales. --

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Soybean is a major commodity crop in Uruguay, and genetic diversity is essential for crop breeding programs to achieve genetic gain, adaptation, and stability. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of a soybean diversity panel from China were characterized by the Soybean Breeding Program of the National Institute of Agricultural Research of Uruguay (ISBP) in order to assess its potential for use in the program.

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Soybean grain quality with high protein and oil content is in high demand by domestic and international markets. The National Agricultural Research Institute of Uruguay (INIA) soybean breeding program aims to develop varieties that can meet those requirements.

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Soybean is the most important crop in Uruguay. Stem canker caused by Diaporthe caulivora is one of the most yield limiting diseases, causing up to 24% yield losses.

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Red-banded stink bug Piezodorus guildinii (P. guildinii) has been described as the most damaging stink bug regarding soybean crops, leading to seed injury, low germination percentages and foliar retention, even at low population densities. In this work the first P. guildinii transcriptome from a pool of all developmental stages was assembled, annotated and RNAi components were analyzed.

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ABSTRACT.- Paspalum notatum Flüggé is a subtropical grass native from the Americas and one of the main components of the subtropical South American grasslands. Although P. notatum exhibits a high forage productivity and persistence, some limitations are observed in the species, such as forage quality due to high lignin content. The development of efficient tissue culture and plant transformation protocols in cultivars for forage production are necessary to embrace novel genetic improvement through transgenesis and genome editing. Efficient regeneration and transformation systems for many plant species can be hampered by genotype dependency, which can only be determined through extensive laboratory testing and evaluation. In this study, various factors extracted from protocols have been evaluated to establish efficient somatic embryogenesis, plant regeneration, and genetic transformation in apomictic initial variety INIA Sepé. Optimal somatic embryogenesis and regeneration from explant sources, such as mature seeds and meristematic tissue derived from in vitro propagated tillers, ranged between 79 and 88%. Microprojectile bombardment of two plasmids encoding a constitutively regulated reporter gene and nptII selectable marker expression constructs showed an average transformation efficiency of 10.3% from meristematic tissue as an explant source. Furthermore, the constitutive promoters, 35S and ZmUbi, were tested in GFP transient expression assays to evaluate optimal cassettes for transgene(s) expression. Translation of a wheat codon-optimized Cas9 sequence using Cas9:2A:tuGFP fusion protein was also tested in protoplasts. The information generated on promoter activity and Cas9 translation, and the establishment of an efficient transformation system, provided useful tools for future work in genetic engineering and genome editing in P. notatum cv. INIA Sepé. © The Society for In Vitro Biology 2024.

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La viticultura convencional conlleva un alto uso de insumos que impactan negativamente sobre los servicios ecosistémicos y la biodiversidad del agroecosistema. En Uruguay, la viticultura se realiza principalmente sin riego y con aplicación de herbicidas en la fila para regular la competencia por agua y nutrientes.

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En marzo de 2023, un grupo multidisciplinario de investigadores comprometido con la investigación y conservación de la biodiversidad de nuestro país visitó el "Center for Biodiversity Genomics" (University of Guelph, Ontario, Canadá).

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El complejo de pulgones "Mss" (Melanophis sacchari/sorghi) está reportado en la mayoría de los países de América. Es considerada una de las principales plagas en el cultivo de sorgo (Sorghum spp.) y en menor nivel en los de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum).

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La papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) es el cuarto alimento cultivado más importante a nivel mundial y el cultivo hortícola con mayor superficie, volumen y valor de producción en Uruguay. El cultivo de papa puede ser afectado por patógenos que viven en el suelo, lo que lleva a una disminución de la calidad y el rendimiento de la producción. Uno de los agentes patógenos que afecta el cultivo de papa es la bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum, causante de la marchitez bacteriana. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la relación entre la resistencia de la planta y la composición de la comunidad bacteriana de la rizosfera en genotipos de papa con diferentes niveles de resistencia a la marchitez bacteriana.

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ABSTRACT.- An enhanced protocol for the evaluation of in vivo biological activity of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) assay in mice is described, following European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) version 10.0 guideline and optimized by applying the principles of Replacement, Reduction and Refinement (3Rs) in animal experimentation. In Laboratory Animal Science, one of the main principles is to optimize the experimental protocols in order to achieve the best results with the lowest number of animals and refine the procedures to avoid unnecessary suffering. The main objective of this protocol is to comply with international guidelines for rhEPO evaluation, applying refinement on procedures and reduction in animal use. Some of the features included in this protocol are the increase in number of rhEPO batches tested simultaneously against an international standard, leading to a substantial reduction in the number of animal's used, and refinement on animal handling techniques for subcutaneous drug administration and blood withdrawal. The implemented improvements were validated by reticulocyte estimation to ensure compliance with international criteria established for this trial and institutional quality management system. © 2023, Brazilian Society for Laboratory Animal Science. All rights reserved.