The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of alfalfa grazing during 8 h continuous or partitioned in 2 separated sessions of 4 h after each milking, on nutrient intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, feeding behavior, milk production, milk composition, and milk fatty acid profile, in late-lactation cows fed a partial mixed ration (PMR). Twelve dairy cows (193 ± 83 d in milk, 584 ± 71 kg of body weight) were housed in individual outdoor pens and assigned to treatments according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design replicated 4 times.

The objective of this scoping review was to identify, describe, and characterize the literature on probiotic supplementation in dairy calves. Eligible studies were nonrandomized, quasi-randomized and randomized controlled trials in English, Spanish, or Portuguese that evaluated the effect of probiotic supplementation on growth and health of dairy calves.

The objective of this scoping review was to identify, describe, and characterize the literature on probiotic supplementation in dairy calves. Eligible studies were nonrandomized, quasi-randomized and randomized controlled trials in English, Spanish, or Portuguese that evaluated the effect of probiotic supplementation on growth and health of dairy calves.

Osteomalacia outbreaks often occur in cattle grazing native pastures in regions with endemic phosphorous (P) deficiency. This study evaluated the responses of two groups of cows, initially with clinical signs of chronic P deficiency, to P supplements (100 g P/kg) offered ad libitum for 13 weeks as a loose mineral mix (LMM group) or the same mineral mix offered as blocks (BMM group). Half of the cows in each group were categorized as ?with? or ?without?

Laminitis is usually considered a consequence of digestive disorders that reduce ruminal pH. However, it is still not clear the direct relation between low ruminal pH provoked by excessive fast-digesting carbohydrate ingestion and laminitis, considering indicators, signs, and diagnosis aspects. This study aimed to clarify the association between different clinical presentations of laminitis with ruminal acidosis provoked by diet using the systematic review methodology. Three electronic databases were used:ISI Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus.

ABSTRACT:Selection of pecan cultivars and their pollinizers is essential to reach maximum potential of production. Synchrony of blooming periods of cultivars may not be enough to ensure nut quality because of the xenia effect. This study aimed at evaluating effects of different pollinizers on dimensions and yields of fruit borne by cultivars Kiowa and Barton. Both cultivars were submitted to six treatments. Kiowa:no pollination, free pollination, self-pollination and pollination controlled by pollen from cultivars Cape Fear, Pawnee and Desirable.

The implementation of CRISPR technology in large animals requires further improvements in embryo manipulation and transfer to be applied with commercial purposes. In this study we report (a) developmental competence of CRISPR/Cas microinjected zygotes subjected to in vitro culture in large scale programs in sheep; (b) pregnancy outcomes after early-stage (2-8-cell) embryo transfer into the oviduct or the uterine horn; and (c) embryo survival and birth rate after vitrification/warming of CRISPR/Cas microinjected zygotes.

Timely grazing decision-making requires routine information on the herbage mass (HM) and pasture growth rate (GR). The aim of this study was to compare the correspondence, cost, and reliability of two indirect methods -the comparative yield method (COMPYLD) and the pasture-meter (CDAX)- to estimate HM and weekly GR of a 42 ha grazing area. Weekly assessments from Apr 2017 to Oct 2018 were made with both methods to estimate HM and GR of 13 individual paddocks. In addition, estimated GR were compared to aerial net primary productivity (ANPP) estimated using remote sensing (SAT).

Timely grazing decision-making requires routine information on the herbage mass (HM) and pasture growth rate (GR). The aim of this study was to compare the correspondence, cost, and reliability of two indirect methods -the comparative yield method (COMPYLD) and the pasture-meter (CDAX)- to estimate HM and weekly GR of a 42 ha grazing area. Weekly assessments from Apr 2017 to Oct 2018 were made with both methods to estimate HM and GR of 13 individual paddocks. In addition, estimated GR were compared to aerial net primary productivity (ANPP) estimated using remote sensing (SAT).

Purpose:Mandarin is a relevant citrus crop in Uruguay both in terms of yield and area. This study is aimed at assessing the environmental impacts of mandarin cultivation in the country to identify the environmental hotspots. Temporal variability is assessed by considering six harvest seasons and site specificity by developing a regionalized inventory using a Tier 3 to estimate nitrogen on-field emissions. Also, the effect of regionalizing specific impact categories is analyzed. Methods:A cradle-to-farm gate assessment was carried out based on mass and area functional units.