Purpose: Mandarin is a relevant citrus crop in Uruguay both in terms of yield and area. This study is aimed at assessing the environmental impacts of mandarin cultivation in the country to identify the environmental hotspots. Temporal variability is assessed by considering six harvest seasons and site specificity by developing a regionalized inventory using a Tier 3 to estimate nitrogen on-field emissions. Also, the effect of regionalizing specific impact categories is analyzed. Methods: A cradle-to-farm gate assessment was carried out based on mass and area functional units.

ABSTRACT.- Type D enterotoxemia, caused by Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ETX), is one of the most economically important clostridial diseases of sheep. Acute type D enterotoxemia is characterized by well-documented lesions in the nervous, cardiocirculatory, and pulmonary systems. However, discrepancies and confusion exist as to whether renal lesions are part of the spectrum of lesions of this condition, which is controversial considering that for many decades it has been colloquially referred to as "pulpy kidney disease".

The effect of programmed assistance at parturition on the behaviour of the mother and its offspring in primiparous ewes under extensive rearing was evaluated. Programmed parturition assistance was defined as the manoeuvres performed immediately after the beginning of the expulsion phase to shorten it. Twenty-eight 2-year-old Corriedale primiparous ewes (body condition score (BCS):3.4 ± 0.1; body weight (BW):35.5 ± 0.7 kg) with a single foetus were used.

ABSTRACT.- Apple trees set many more fruit than desired, requiring a crop load adjustment to achieve acceptable fruit size in the season and an adequate return bloom, thus avoiding biennial bearing. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different plant growth regulators as 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) sprays and lime sulfur (LS) in apple thinning. Two trials were carried out in Uruguay on 2020/2021 growing season in 'Gala Baigent' and 'Rosy Glow' apples, respectively. Productive and quality parameters were evaluated.

ABSTRACT.- Apple trees set many more fruit than desired, requiring a crop load adjustment to achieve acceptable fruit size in the season and an adequate return bloom, thus avoiding biennial bearing. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different plant growth regulators as 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) sprays and lime sulfur (LS) in apple thinning. Two trials were carried out in Uruguay on 2020/2021 growing season in 'Gala Baigent' and 'Rosy Glow' apples, respectively. Productive and quality parameters were evaluated.

ABSTRACT.- Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), an economically relevant crop, establishes a symbiotic association with rhizobia to obtain nitrogen (N2) from the air by biological nitrogen fixation with important benefits. In Uruguay inoculants formulated with two strains, Bradyrhizobium elkanii U1301 and U1302, are recommended since 1984. Besides that, the study of native-naturalized rhizobia populations is relevant because these strains could compete with applied inoculants and may present a better symbiotic efficiency.

ABSTRACT.- Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), an economically relevant crop, establishes a symbiotic association with rhizobia to obtain nitrogen (N2) from the air by biological nitrogen fixation with important benefits. In Uruguay inoculants formulated with two strains, Bradyrhizobium elkanii U1301 and U1302, are recommended since 1984. Besides that, the study of native-naturalized rhizobia populations is relevant because these strains could compete with applied inoculants and may present a better symbiotic efficiency.

ABSTRACT.- The production of ethanol from biomass pursuant to the EU Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC) requires an estimation of the levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from biofuels to assess the emissions savings in comparison to fossil fuels. Within this framework, the carbon footprint was estimated for four bioethanol cropping systems:a maize-wheat-sorghum rotation without the harvest of crop residues (MWS), a maize-wheat-sorghum rotation with harvested crop residues (MWS-R), switchgrass (Sw), and continuous sweet sorghum (Ss).

ABSTRACT.- Pear production in Uruguay covers 628 ha being 'Williams' the most planted cultivar. Orchards in Uruguay are managed without the use of pollinizers (parthenocarpy). Pear production in recent years has not been stable, there are many factors that could be influencing, including climatic conditions, low fruit set, among others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of plant growth regulators to increase fruit set in 'Williams' pears in orchards with and without pollinizers.

ABSTRACT.- Pear production in Uruguay covers 628 ha being 'Williams' the most planted cultivar. Orchards in Uruguay are managed without the use of pollinizers (parthenocarpy). Pear production in recent years has not been stable, there are many factors that could be influencing, including climatic conditions, low fruit set, among others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of plant growth regulators to increase fruit set in 'Williams' pears in orchards with and without pollinizers.