ABSTRACT - Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the four most important crops in the world. The creation of new commercial varieties is a long-term activity that requires from seven to eight years from the beginning of the cross design up to registration for commercialization of cultivars. Rapid generation advance (RGA) is a technique that consists of controlling external factors that affect plant growth with the aim of shortening the sowing to harvest cycle.

Abstract: Argentina grows the second-largest area of lucerne in the world. Despite its importance, a yield gap exists between potential and measured yields, but factors contributing to it are still unclear. This study aimed to identify management factors and research needs to reduce the lucerne yield gap to improve the livestock systems in this region.

ABSTRACT - The sustainability of forest production is based on an adequate balance between soil nutrient supply and its demand by forest plantations, which may vary depending on the species and the site. In Uruguay, the low to medium fertility of the soils under forest production makes this aspect relevant.

ABSTRACT - Two experiments determined whether the addition of GnRH at the beginning of an estradiol (E2)/progesterone (P4)- based synchronization protocol and/or a second dose of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) the day before P4 device removal improves pregnancy rate in lactating dairy cows. On Day 0, all cows received a CIDR-B device and 2 mg i.m. estradiol benzoate, and half received 200 μg i.m. gonadorelin acetate (GnRH). On Day 7, cows were further subdivided to receive PGF2α (500 μg i.m. cloprostenol) or no PGF2α treatment.

Abstract: Water scarcity limits irrigated agriculture, and there is an increasing frequency of situations where farmers must transition from irrigated to dryland cropping systems. This transition poses several challenges, and it is necessary to understand the changes in crop productivity and soil health for the design of viable cropping systems. Our objective was to compare the impact of irrigation retirement on crop production and soil microbial dynamics under the two major crops of the semiarid High Plains.

ABSTRACT - Ocular squamous cell carcinoma and infectious keratoconjunctivitis are common ocular pathologies in Hereford cattle with considerable economic impact. Both pathologies have been associated with low eyelid pigmentation, and thus, genetic selection for higher eyelid pigmentation could reduce their incidence. The objective of the present study was to reveal the genetic basis of eyelid pigmentation in Hereford cattle.

We appreciate the comments of Alcántara et al. (2021), which have allowed us to clarify the doubts about our data analysis and correct some errors in our article (Beretta-Blanco and Carrasco-Letelier, 2021).

ABSTRACT - Studies have shown that Eucalyptus spp.plantations develop a rapid and deep root system, reaching almost symmetrical relationships with the aerial part of the trees. In the present work, preliminary information on the deep root development ofE. grandisand its interaction with soils, saprolites and rocks in northwestern Uruguay was collected. Starting from a geo-logical base, three deep pits were made, which were classified according to a new saprolite proposal.

ABSTRACT - Cropland expansion has been occurring over the last century, especially in South America, displacing non-crop areas mainly with soybean. Changes at a landscape level were followed by changes at a local scale, such as the adoption of insect-resistant transgenic crops. The homogenization of agroecosystem composition and agronomic practices have a great impact on arthropod predators and herbivore insects, which has not been quantified to a great extent in South America.

Abstract: Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is one of the most threatening diseases in soybean, the most important agricultural crop in Uruguay. Resistance to ASR is conditioned by major genes called Rpps. So far, at least 12 Rpp genes and/or alleles have been identified and mapped to seven loci in the soybean genome. To enhance genetic improvement and reduce yield losses in Uruguay, it is essential to know the pathotypes that interact with Rpp-carrying soybeans, their dynamics and diversity.