Nitrogen loss partitioning and emissions in intensive subtropical hybrid dairy systems.

ABSTRACT.- Dairy systems in South America's humid subtropics include grass-legume pastures in rotation with winter-summer double-cropping for silage, thus combining direct grazing with periods of effective confinement for concentrate and silage supplementation. The environmental impacts of these so-called hybrid systems remain unclear. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.