ABSTRACT.- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a key global crop essential for food security. Enhancing wheat productivity is crucial to meet growing food demands. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) such as QFFE.perg-5A and QFEm.perg-3A have been previously linked to fruiting efficiency at the spike level, but their effects on plot-level yield components remain unexplored. 4290/© 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved.