ABSTRACT.- Cynodon dactylon is one of the five most important invasive alien species worldwide. It is the invasive alien species with the broadest distribution range in Uruguay, and its expansion is frequently associated with disturbances. Since natural grasslands are facing processes of productive intensification, C. dactylon represents a threat as it could displace native species. However, the mechanisms that explain its invasion success remain unclear. The objective of this study was to analyse interspecific interactions under low nutrient conditions between C.

Many temperate grasses are both hyper-accumulators of silicon (Si) and hosts of Epichloë fungal endophytes, functional traits which may alleviate environmental stresses such as herbivore attack. Si accumulation and endophyte infection may operate synergistically, but this has not been tested in a field setting, nor in the context of changing environmental conditions. Predicted increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations can affect both Si accumulation and endophyte function, but these have not been studied in combination.

ABSTRACT.- Leaf rust (LR) of bread wheat (Triticum aestviumL.), caused by the fungus Puccinia triticinaEriks, is one of the most important diseases in Paraguay, the Southern Cone and worldwide. The economic importance of the disease is clear considering that two or morefungicide applications are necessary to control itinsusceptible cultivars. The best strategy for the management of this disease is through genetic resistance.

Many temperate grasses are both hyper-accumulators of silicon (Si) and hosts of Epichloë fungal endophytes, functional traits which may alleviate environmental stresses such as herbivore attack. Si accumulation and endophyte infection may operate synergistically, but this has not been tested in a field setting, nor in the context of changing environmental conditions. Predicted increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations can affect both Si accumulation and endophyte function, but these have not been studied in combination. © 2023 The Authors.

Grain samples from five wheat and five barley cultivars from different locations and planting dates were examined for the presence of Fusarium species. Fusarium graminearum was the primary species associated with FHB (Fusarium head blight). It comprised 76 % and 60 % of all Fusarium species isolated from wheat grains in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Fusarium graminearum represented 65 % and 56 % of all Fusarium species isolated from barley grains in 2001 and 2002, respectively. The frequencies with which Fusarium species other than F.

ABSTRACT.- Fluorescent Pseudomonas have been extensively reported as effective biocontrol agents and can be used to manage Pythium seedling diseases in alfalfa. An in vivo methodology was developed to evaluate fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates for their ability to suppress disease and promote plant growth in the alfalfa-Pythium pathosystem. The standard method consists of a bioassay performed in growth chamber under controlled conditions of temperature and photoperiod.

ABSTRACT.- Current nitrogen (N) fertilization schedule for spring wheat was developed under a dominant crop-pasture rotation. After the year 2002, this cropping system was converted to continuous annual cropping systems under no-till, reducing soil N supply capacity progressively. Additionally, highest grain yield of new varieties ncreased N demand. The required additional N fertilizer can be adjusted by monitoring nutritional status of the crop. .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.

Uruguayan Barley production has a strong dependence on modern European germplasm which combines high grain yield potential and excellent malting quality, even though it has limited adaptation to non-optimum environments due to its late flowering and reduced photoperiod sensitivity.

La Fusariosis de la Espiga (FE) es una enfermedad que afecta cultivos de cereales a nivel mundial, disminuyendo su rendimiento y valor debido a la contaminación de los granos con micotoxinas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las especies de Fusarium que actualmente causan FE en trigo proveniente de la principal zona productiva de Uruguay, conocer su quimiotipo potencial y evaluar su sensibilidad a triazoles.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es mejorar la calidad nutricional del grano de soja, a través de la edición de genes que controlan el tamaño y composición del grano. Este trabajo se centró en generar mutaciones de tipo knockout en genes asociados con el tamaño de la semilla (BS) y con la calidad de proteínas de grano, utilizando el sistema CRISPR-Cas9.