This chapter documents the joint private-public funding of agricultural research in Uruguay, where farmers pay a levy on agricultural production that is matched one for one by the government. A greatly increased involvement of farmers and other stakeholders in research decision making at all levels has been an integral part of this funding partnership. The partnership was accompanied by a major reform of the organization and management of the principal agricultural research organization of Uruguay, which was converted into an autonomous public agency run on private lines. As a result of these reforms, there has been a significant increase in funding and in stakeholder participation, a substantial change in the institutional arrangements to conduct public research, and an improvement in the performance of the national agricultural research system of Uruguay. This experience suggests it is possible to have a sustainable and client-driven public-private funding mix in agricultural research. ©CAB International 2002.