ABSTRACT.- Sorghum-associated arthrogryposis and axonopathy is a rare congenital condition reported in ruminants and horses. Here, we describe the epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic aspects of nine outbreaks of this condition in beef cattle in midwestern and southeastern Brazil (2014-2023). These regions are the most productive grain sorghum areas, where livestock producers use the straw extensively, producing a high regrowth during drought periods. All the affected pregnant cows had grazed sorghum stover for periods ranging from 25 days to 4 months.

ABSTRACT.- Toxoplasmosis, caused by the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most prevalent zoonotic parasitic infections worldwide. When acquired during pregnancy, T. gondii can be transmitted to the fetus, with clinical outcomes influenced by gestational age at time of infection and the parasite's genotype. Prenatal screening enables the detection of maternal seroconversion and offers a critical window for intervention. In Uruguay, despite mandatory serological screening during pregnancy, national data on T.

ABSTRACT.- Understanding herbivore interaction with forage resources is crucial for effective grazing management. This study investigates the impact of sward management strategies on the foraging behavior of sheep under continuous stocking. Italian ryegrass pastures were maintained at an average sward height of 15 cm, which has been reported to be optimal for animal performance. The objective was to assess whether sheep modify their grazing behavior in response to different interventions to maintain the target sward height.

ABSTRACT.- Effective planning and decision-making for rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation require precise yield predictions. Thus, new prediction strategies that incorporate climatic effects and management variables are essential to bridge the gap between actual and potential yields. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of rice yield under real production conditions, considering weekly climatic information. The specific focus was on identifying which factors contribute to improved predictive performance and when they play a critical role in the production cycle.

ABSTRACT.- Protists are one of the most diverse major eukaryotes in the soil ecosystems and play essential functional roles in shaping the microbial community structure, soil nutrient cycling, and crop productivity. However, protist community composition in soils is poorly understood, notably in paddy field soils with alternating oxic and anoxic phases and when under rotation with other crops and pastures. Furthermore, current knowledge about South American soils' protist communities is limited.

ABSTRACT.- Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for over half of the world's population. With population growth, socioeconomic changes, and shifting consumer lifestyles, the demand for high-quality rice has surged. Understanding consumer preferences for rice quality traits is crucial for breeders to effectively address evolving market needs. Rice breeding programs assess various quality aspects, including grain shape, appearance, milling efficiency, and cooking and eating qualities.

ABSTRACT.- The intensification of irrigated rice production systems requires a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact of pesticide use. Here, we investigated the behavior of the herbicide glyphosate (GLY) and its metabolite aminophosphonic acid (AMPA), throughout four rice rotations (continuous rice cropping (RC), ricesoybean (R-S), rice-short term pasture (R-PS) and rice-long term pasture R-PL) reflecting different agricultural intensification scenarios in a long-term experimental (LTE) site. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

The occurrence of climate variations known as ENSO phases are caused by anomalies in ocean surface temperature in the so-called Niño 3.4 region in the Central Equatorial Pacific. These anomalies are officially used by NOAA (U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) to define whether there is a probability of occurrence of a La Niña, El Niño or neutral phase with global impact. In Uruguay, South America, the impact of climatic variations associated with ENSO phases on agricultural and pasture production is well known.

This research project was focused in minimizing inorganic arsenic levels in polished rice grain while maintaining crop yield and water productivity of the most planted Indica cultivar in Uruguay, INIA Merin. Two experiments were conducted during seasons 2018-2019 and 2019-2020.

In Uruguay, flooded rice historically rotated with perennial pastures (mix of grasses and legumes) for livestock production. Business as usual consisted basically in two years of rice crops followed by two to four years of grazed pastures. This allowed increased yields, diversified incomes, preserved natural resources, and minimized the use of pesticides and fertilizers.