ABSTRACT.- In the summer of 2023, ingestion of Astylus atromaculatus (pollen beetle) was linked to spontaneous fatal disease in grazing cattle and sheep in Argentina and Uruguay. While the disease was experimentally reproduced in sheep and guinea pigs in the 1970's, no experimental reproductions have been attempted in cattle, and controversy exists as to whether this insect is indeed noxious to cattle and at which dose. Here, we demonstrate that A. atromaculatus causes acute fatal disease in Hereford calves at single oral dosages of 2.5, 4.5, 10.0, and 15.0 g of insect/kg body weight.
ABSTRACT.- Under the EU Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC), estimating biofuel GHG emissions is essential to gauge emissions reductions compared to fossil fuels. Within this framework, the carbon footprint (CF) was calculated for four bioethanol cropping systems:a maize-wheat-sorghum rotation without the harvest of crop residues (MWS), a maize-wheat-sorghum rotation with harvested crop residues (MWS-R), switchgrass (Sw), and continuous sweet sorghum (Ss). The estimation followed a life-cycle analysis strategy. The CF varied between 0.04 and 3.68 kg CO2-eq l -1 ethanol.
ABSTRACT.- Estimations indicate that there will be nearly 10 billion people on Earth by 2050. Then agriculture will be required to generate about 50% more food because of the rise in the world population (FAO, 2017). The great challenge for agricultural systems is to provide secure food for the growing world population while maintaining or improving soil and water quality, together with working towards the mitigation of climate change without exceeding planetary boundaries (Wanyenze et al., 2023).
La producción de trigo conforma una actividad económica muy relevante en el país por ser uno de los principales cultivos de invierno en Uruguay y por ser materia prima para las industrias nacionales que generan productos derivados con valor agregado. El rendimiento y la calidad de los granos se ven amenazados por enfermedades fúngicas que provocan importantes pérdidas económicas en años epidémicos.
