ABSTRACT. Forage legumes are essential for an efficient animal-based agriculture. This chapter describes microbial-based strategies for improving legume establishment. It focuses on the use of root nodule bacteria for growth promotion and rhizosphere pseudomonads for disease management. The technological system for biological nitrogen fixation deployed in Uruguay is discussed as a model. We analyze the significance of the characterization of rhizobial strains, selection and culture collection, as well as inoculant production and quality control.

ABSTRACT. The chemical control of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) using fungicide has remained an unresolved challenge worldwide. Experiments using fungicides to control the disease have shown large difference of effi ciency due to multiple factors (fungicides, moment and method of application, nozzle types, and weather conditions at the time of application, etc.) responsible for disease development. Besides adequate disease control, the fungicides are also expected to act on toxin production.

ABSTRACT. Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) identifi ed in the early part of the twentieth century in South America, remained relatively irregular in appearance till the 1980s. However, the early epidemics recorded in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay must have been severe enough to wipe out production, thereby forcing wheat breeders to look for sources of resistance among the local varieties and/or landraces that survived.

ABSTRACT. Techniques and methods based on vibrational spectroscopy such as near-infrared refl ectance (NIR), mid-infrared (MIR) and Raman spectroscopy are known to be non-destructive and low cost.These characteristics are considered as the most important when these methods or techniques are applied in the fi eld of plant omics. This chapter will provide an overview of the most common vibrational spectroscopy techniques used in the fi eld of plant omic analysis (NIR, MIR, Raman).

ABSTRACT. Techniques and methods based on vibrational spectroscopy such as near-infrared refl ectance (NIR), mid-infrared (MIR) and Raman spectroscopy are known to be non-destructive and low cost.These characteristics are considered as the most important when these methods or techniques are applied in the fi eld of plant omics. This chapter will provide an overview of the most common vibrational spectroscopy techniques used in the fi eld of plant omic analysis (NIR, MIR, Raman).

ABSTRACT. Extremes in nutrition and aging play important roles in infertility and the health status of the mother and the newborn. Using animal models, it has been shown that follicular population, the quality of the oocyte, and uterine receptivity are sensitive to short- and long-term effects of nutrition, which affect the outcome of natural and artificial reproductive techniques. The establishment of pregnancy that depends on an adequate synchrony between the embryo and the endometrium is altered by over- and undernutrition.

ABSTRACT. Extremes in nutrition and aging play important roles in infertility and the health status of the mother and the newborn. Using animal models, it has been shown that follicular population, the quality of the oocyte, and uterine receptivity are sensitive to short- and long-term effects of nutrition, which affect the outcome of natural and artificial reproductive techniques. The establishment of pregnancy that depends on an adequate synchrony between the embryo and the endometrium is altered by over- and undernutrition.