Breeding sheep for increased feed efficiency (FE) and decreased methane emissions (ME) is an alternative for developing more sustainable sheep production systems. With the aim of generating genetic and genomic tools, we added in 2018 the evaluation of FE and greenhouse gas emissions to the usual phenotyping as part of the national genetic evaluation per breed, for wool, meat, growth, health and reproduction traits. This initiative provides the information to characterize FE and ME and estimate genetic parameters for Uruguayan sheep. By genotyping phenotyped animals, we have also established reference populations for the implementation of genomic evaluations and predictomics in commercial flocks.